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\"\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08<\/p>\n

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[1]<\/font> <\/b><\/p>\n

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\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6f02\u4eae\u7537\u6027\u6216\u5973\u6027\u7684\u8138\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u5927\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff0c\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u3002\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5f88\u5747\u8861\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u7535\u8111\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u8138\u5b54\u7279\u5f81\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u7684\u5934\u50cf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7531\u5747\u8861\u7279\u5f81\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5934\u50cf\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u5b54\u90fd\u8981\u8ff7\u4eba\u3002\u5747\u8861\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u8138\u7684\u4e24\u534a\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u955c\u50cf\u7684\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5173\u4e8e\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14•\u574e\u5b81\u5b89\uff08Michael Cunningham\uff0c1986\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u521b\u610f\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u6c42\u7537\u6027\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u8bc4\u4f3050\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u5e74\u9274\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u9009\u7f8e\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u574e\u5b81\u5b89\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed4\u7ec6\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u6bcf\u5f20\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u5973\u6027\u8138\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c3a\u5bf8\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u8bc4\u5206\u4e0e\u5927\u773c\u775b\u3001\u5c0f\u5de7\u7684\u9f3b\u5b50\u3001\u7a84\u5c0f\u7684\u4e0b\u989a\u3001\u9ad8\u8038\u7684\u98a7\u9aa8\u548c\u7a84\u5c0f\u7684\u8138\u988a\u3001\u9ad8\u6311\u7684\u7709\u6bdb\u3001\u5927\u5927\u7684\u77b3\u4ec1\u548c\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u7167\u7247\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u9ad8\u8bc4\u5206\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6709\uff1a\u5927\u773c\u775b\u3001\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u4e0b\u989a\u3001\u9ad8\u8038\u7684\u98a7\u9aa8\u548c\u5bbd\u5927\u7684\u8138\u988a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875<\/a>  <\/b><\/p>\n

<\/P> <\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u90fd\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u6216\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u7f8e\u4e3d\u6216\u8005\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u67d0\u4e9b\u6f5c\u85cf\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u6f5c\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u6df1\u5904\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7f8e\u4e3d\u6216\u8005\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7b11\u5bb9\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\u9762\u90e8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u7f8e\u8c8c\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u76ae\u80a4\u5f39\u6027\u3001\u76ae\u80a4\u989c\u8272\u767d\u91cc\u900f\u7ea2\u3001\u5934\u53d1\u5149\u6cfd\u3001\u4e09\u56f4\u5300\u79f0\u3001\u73b2\u73d1\u66f2\u7ebf\u7b49\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6070\u6070\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5973\u6027\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u751f\u547d\u529b\u5f3a\u3001\u751f\u80b2\u529b\u5f3a\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u800c\u76ae\u80a4\u82cd\u767d\u3001\u65e0\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5934\u53d1\u65e0\u5149\u6cfd\uff0c\u4f53\u5f62\u81c3\u80bf\uff0c\u68a8\u578b\u8eab\u6750\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0d\u591f\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u60a3\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u9ad8\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u517b\u80b2\u5065\u5eb7\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5c0f\u3002\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5e05\u6c14\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8981\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u9762\u90e8\u68f1\u89d2\u5206\u660e\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7ed3\u5b9e\u3001\u5012\u4e09\u89d2\u4f53\u578b\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7537\u5b50\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u53d6\u8f83\u4e3a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u4fdd\u969c\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u957f\u8fbe\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u90a3\u65f6\u7537\u5b50\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u58ee\u4f53\u9b44\u53bb\u6253\u730e\u83b7\u5f97\u9ad8\u86cb\u767d\u98df\u7269\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9762\u90e8\u7537\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5f31\u4e0d\u7981\u98ce\uff0c\u4f53\u578b\u81c3\u80bf\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\u5219\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8981\u4e48\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u51b5\u6216\u514d\u75ab\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u83b7\u53d6\u730e\u7269\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\u6311\u9009\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f34\u4fa3\u4e00\u8d77\u7e41\u884d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u6700\u597d\u9009\u62e9\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\u201c\u7537\u4eba\u6709\u94b1\u5c31\u53d8\u574f\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u53d8\u574f\u5c31\u6709\u94b1\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e01\u70b9\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u94b1\u6709\u52bf\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u603b\u662f\u62c5\u5fc3\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u4f1a\u201c\u4e3b\u52a8\u52fe\u5f15\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u94b1\u8d22\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u6761\u4ef6\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u592b\u59bb\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u5a5a\u59fb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u91c7\u53d6\u6298\u4e2d\u6216\u59a5\u534f\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f8e\u4e3d\u548c\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5bf9\u7f8e\u4e11\u4ec5\u4ec5\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u5173\u75d2\u75db\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u5230\u5e95\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u8c01\u4e00\u8d77\u8fc7\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875<\/a>  <\/b><\/p>\n

<\/P> <\/p>\n

\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u6848\u4f8b\u7ed3\u5c40
<\/strong>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5168\u8c8c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08<\/a>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u674e\u5973\u58eb\u660e\u786e\u5979\u5bf9\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff1a\u8981\u633d\u6551\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u5a5a\u59fb\uff1f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51b7\u9759\u5730\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u674e\u5973\u58eb\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u4ece\u76f8\u7231\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf16 \u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u5728\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5e2e\u52a9\u674e\u5973\u58eb\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u633d\u6551\u5a5a\u59fb\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u674e\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u6b64\u65f6\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u5883\u5730\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u60c5\u611f\u786e\u5b9e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ed6\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u5973\u513f\u3001\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u7559\u604b\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u5272\u820d\u4e0d\u4e0b\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08\u5efa\u8bae\u674e\u5973\u58eb\uff1a
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u90fd\u5e94\u626a\u5fc3\u81ea\u95ee\uff1a\u6211\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b20\u7f3a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201c\u90a3\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u201d\u4f1a\u5438\u5f15\u6211\u7684\u4e08\u592b\uff1f\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u4e00\u5473\u6307\u8d23\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u628a\u4e08\u592b\u5f80\u5bb6\u5ead\u5916\u9a71\u8d76\u3002
\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u89e3\u51b3\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5371\u673a\u3002\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b16\u5e74\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u9c9c\u611f\u662f\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f16\u5e74\u7684\u611f\u60c5\u79ef\u6dc0\u76f8\u5f53\u6df1\u539a\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\uff1b\u4e0d\u518d\u5e74\u8f7b\u662f\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6210\u719f\u5927\u5ea6\u5374\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u8981\u505a\u7684\u662f\u51b7\u9759\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7528\u7406\u667a\u5904\u7406\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002
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\u3000\u3000\u6587\/\u4e0a\u6d77\u5fc3\u6f6e<\/a>\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/a>\uff08\u5fc3\u7075\u82b1\u56ed<\/a>\/\u987e\u6b4c<\/a>\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\uff09\u9996\u5e2d\u5fc3\u7406\u4e13\u5bb6<\/a> \u987e\u6b4c<\/p>\n

\"\u3010\u5fc3\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u5e08<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u9875<\/a>  [1]<\/a> [2]<\/a> [3]<\/a> [4]<\/font> <\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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